Description#
You are given a 0-indexed array of strings words and a 2D array of integers queries.
Each query queries[i] = [li, ri] asks us to find the number of strings present in the range li to ri (both inclusive) of words that start and end with a vowel.
Return an array ans of size queries.length, where ans[i] is the answer to the ith query.
Note that the vowel letters are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', and 'u'.
Example 1:
Input: words = ["aba","bcb","ece","aa","e"], queries = [[0,2],[1,4],[1,1]]
Output: [2,3,0]
Explanation: The strings starting and ending with a vowel are "aba", "ece", "aa" and "e".
The answer to the query [0,2] is 2 (strings "aba" and "ece").
to query [1,4] is 3 (strings "ece", "aa", "e").
to query [1,1] is 0.
We return [2,3,0].
Example 2:
Input: words = ["a","e","i"], queries = [[0,2],[0,1],[2,2]]
Output: [3,2,1]
Explanation: Every string satisfies the conditions, so we return [3,2,1].
Constraints:
1 <= words.length <= 1051 <= words[i].length <= 40words[i] consists only of lowercase English letters.sum(words[i].length) <= 3 * 1051 <= queries.length <= 1050 <= li <= ri < words.length
Solutions#
Solution 1: Preprocessing + Binary Search#
We can preprocess all the indices of the strings that start and end with a vowel, and record them in order in the array $nums$.
Next, we iterate through each query $(l, r)$, and use binary search to find the first index $i$ in $nums$ that is greater than or equal to $l$, and the first index $j$ that is greater than $r$. Therefore, the answer to the current query is $j - i$.
The time complexity is $O(n + m \times \log n)$, and the space complexity is $O(n)$. Where $n$ and $m$ are the lengths of the arrays $words$ and $queries$, respectively.
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| class Solution:
def vowelStrings(self, words: List[str], queries: List[List[int]]) -> List[int]:
vowels = set("aeiou")
nums = [i for i, w in enumerate(words) if w[0] in vowels and w[-1] in vowels]
return [bisect_right(nums, r) - bisect_left(nums, l) for l, r in queries]
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| class Solution {
private List<Integer> nums = new ArrayList<>();
public int[] vowelStrings(String[] words, int[][] queries) {
Set<Character> vowels = Set.of('a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u');
for (int i = 0; i < words.length; ++i) {
char a = words[i].charAt(0), b = words[i].charAt(words[i].length() - 1);
if (vowels.contains(a) && vowels.contains(b)) {
nums.add(i);
}
}
int m = queries.length;
int[] ans = new int[m];
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
int l = queries[i][0], r = queries[i][1];
ans[i] = search(r + 1) - search(l);
}
return ans;
}
private int search(int x) {
int l = 0, r = nums.size();
while (l < r) {
int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
if (nums.get(mid) >= x) {
r = mid;
} else {
l = mid + 1;
}
}
return l;
}
}
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| class Solution {
public:
vector<int> vowelStrings(vector<string>& words, vector<vector<int>>& queries) {
unordered_set<char> vowels = {'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'};
vector<int> nums;
for (int i = 0; i < words.size(); ++i) {
char a = words[i][0], b = words[i].back();
if (vowels.count(a) && vowels.count(b)) {
nums.push_back(i);
}
}
vector<int> ans;
for (auto& q : queries) {
int l = q[0], r = q[1];
int cnt = upper_bound(nums.begin(), nums.end(), r) - lower_bound(nums.begin(), nums.end(), l);
ans.push_back(cnt);
}
return ans;
}
};
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| func vowelStrings(words []string, queries [][]int) []int {
vowels := map[byte]bool{'a': true, 'e': true, 'i': true, 'o': true, 'u': true}
nums := []int{}
for i, w := range words {
if vowels[w[0]] && vowels[w[len(w)-1]] {
nums = append(nums, i)
}
}
ans := make([]int, len(queries))
for i, q := range queries {
l, r := q[0], q[1]
ans[i] = sort.SearchInts(nums, r+1) - sort.SearchInts(nums, l)
}
return ans
}
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| function vowelStrings(words: string[], queries: number[][]): number[] {
const vowels = new Set(['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']);
const nums: number[] = [];
for (let i = 0; i < words.length; ++i) {
if (vowels.has(words[i][0]) && vowels.has(words[i][words[i].length - 1])) {
nums.push(i);
}
}
const search = (x: number): number => {
let l = 0,
r = nums.length;
while (l < r) {
const mid = (l + r) >> 1;
if (nums[mid] >= x) {
r = mid;
} else {
l = mid + 1;
}
}
return l;
};
return queries.map(([l, r]) => search(r + 1) - search(l));
}
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Solution 2: Prefix Sum#
We can create a prefix sum array $s$ of length $n+1$, where $s[i]$ represents the number of strings that start and end with a vowel in the first $i$ strings of the array $words$. Initially, $s[0] = 0$.
Next, we iterate through the array $words$. If the current string starts and ends with a vowel, then $s[i+1] = s[i] + 1$, otherwise $s[i+1] = s[i]$.
Finally, we iterate through each query $(l, r)$. Therefore, the answer to the current query is $s[r+1] - s[l]$.
The time complexity is $O(n + m)$, and the space complexity is $O(n)$. Where $n$ and $m$ are the lengths of the arrays $words$ and $queries$, respectively.
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| class Solution:
def vowelStrings(self, words: List[str], queries: List[List[int]]) -> List[int]:
vowels = set("aeiou")
s = list(
accumulate(
(int(w[0] in vowels and w[-1] in vowels) for w in words), initial=0
)
)
return [s[r + 1] - s[l] for l, r in queries]
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| class Solution {
public int[] vowelStrings(String[] words, int[][] queries) {
Set<Character> vowels = Set.of('a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u');
int n = words.length;
int[] s = new int[n + 1];
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
char a = words[i].charAt(0), b = words[i].charAt(words[i].length() - 1);
s[i + 1] = s[i] + (vowels.contains(a) && vowels.contains(b) ? 1 : 0);
}
int m = queries.length;
int[] ans = new int[m];
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
int l = queries[i][0], r = queries[i][1];
ans[i] = s[r + 1] - s[l];
}
return ans;
}
}
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| class Solution {
public:
vector<int> vowelStrings(vector<string>& words, vector<vector<int>>& queries) {
unordered_set<char> vowels = {'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'};
int n = words.size();
int s[n + 1];
s[0] = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
char a = words[i][0], b = words[i].back();
s[i + 1] = s[i] + (vowels.count(a) && vowels.count(b));
}
vector<int> ans;
for (auto& q : queries) {
int l = q[0], r = q[1];
ans.push_back(s[r + 1] - s[l]);
}
return ans;
}
};
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| func vowelStrings(words []string, queries [][]int) []int {
vowels := map[byte]bool{'a': true, 'e': true, 'i': true, 'o': true, 'u': true}
n := len(words)
s := make([]int, n+1)
for i, w := range words {
x := 0
if vowels[w[0]] && vowels[w[len(w)-1]] {
x = 1
}
s[i+1] = s[i] + x
}
ans := make([]int, len(queries))
for i, q := range queries {
l, r := q[0], q[1]
ans[i] = s[r+1] - s[l]
}
return ans
}
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| function vowelStrings(words: string[], queries: number[][]): number[] {
const vowels = new Set(['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']);
const n = words.length;
const s: number[] = new Array(n + 1).fill(0);
for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
if (vowels.has(words[i][0]) && vowels.has(words[i][words[i].length - 1])) {
s[i + 1] = s[i] + 1;
} else {
s[i + 1] = s[i];
}
}
return queries.map(([l, r]) => s[r + 1] - s[l]);
}
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