642. Design Search Autocomplete System

Description

Design a search autocomplete system for a search engine. Users may input a sentence (at least one word and end with a special character '#').

You are given a string array sentences and an integer array times both of length n where sentences[i] is a previously typed sentence and times[i] is the corresponding number of times the sentence was typed. For each input character except '#', return the top 3 historical hot sentences that have the same prefix as the part of the sentence already typed.

Here are the specific rules:

  • The hot degree for a sentence is defined as the number of times a user typed the exactly same sentence before.
  • The returned top 3 hot sentences should be sorted by hot degree (The first is the hottest one). If several sentences have the same hot degree, use ASCII-code order (smaller one appears first).
  • If less than 3 hot sentences exist, return as many as you can.
  • When the input is a special character, it means the sentence ends, and in this case, you need to return an empty list.

Implement the AutocompleteSystem class:

  • AutocompleteSystem(String[] sentences, int[] times) Initializes the object with the sentences and times arrays.
  • List<String> input(char c) This indicates that the user typed the character c.
    • Returns an empty array [] if c == '#' and stores the inputted sentence in the system.
    • Returns the top 3 historical hot sentences that have the same prefix as the part of the sentence already typed. If there are fewer than 3 matches, return them all.

 

Example 1:

Input
["AutocompleteSystem", "input", "input", "input", "input"]
[[["i love you", "island", "iroman", "i love leetcode"], [5, 3, 2, 2]], ["i"], [" "], ["a"], ["#"]]
Output
[null, ["i love you", "island", "i love leetcode"], ["i love you", "i love leetcode"], [], []]

Explanation
AutocompleteSystem obj = new AutocompleteSystem(["i love you", "island", "iroman", "i love leetcode"], [5, 3, 2, 2]);
obj.input("i"); // return ["i love you", "island", "i love leetcode"]. There are four sentences that have prefix "i". Among them, "ironman" and "i love leetcode" have same hot degree. Since ' ' has ASCII code 32 and 'r' has ASCII code 114, "i love leetcode" should be in front of "ironman". Also we only need to output top 3 hot sentences, so "ironman" will be ignored.
obj.input(" "); // return ["i love you", "i love leetcode"]. There are only two sentences that have prefix "i ".
obj.input("a"); // return []. There are no sentences that have prefix "i a".
obj.input("#"); // return []. The user finished the input, the sentence "i a" should be saved as a historical sentence in system. And the following input will be counted as a new search.

 

Constraints:

  • n == sentences.length
  • n == times.length
  • 1 <= n <= 100
  • 1 <= sentences[i].length <= 100
  • 1 <= times[i] <= 50
  • c is a lowercase English letter, a hash '#', or space ' '.
  • Each tested sentence will be a sequence of characters c that end with the character '#'.
  • Each tested sentence will have a length in the range [1, 200].
  • The words in each input sentence are separated by single spaces.
  • At most 5000 calls will be made to input.

Solutions

Solution 1

Python Code
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class Trie:
    def __init__(self):
        self.children = [None] * 27
        self.v = 0
        self.w = ''

    def insert(self, w, t):
        node = self
        for c in w:
            idx = 26 if c == ' ' else ord(c) - ord('a')
            if node.children[idx] is None:
                node.children[idx] = Trie()
            node = node.children[idx]
        node.v += t
        node.w = w

    def search(self, pref):
        node = self
        for c in pref:
            idx = 26 if c == ' ' else ord(c) - ord('a')
            if node.children[idx] is None:
                return None
            node = node.children[idx]
        return node


class AutocompleteSystem:
    def __init__(self, sentences: List[str], times: List[int]):
        self.trie = Trie()
        for a, b in zip(sentences, times):
            self.trie.insert(a, b)
        self.t = []

    def input(self, c: str) -> List[str]:
        def dfs(node):
            if node is None:
                return
            if node.v:
                res.append((node.v, node.w))
            for nxt in node.children:
                dfs(nxt)

        if c == '#':
            s = ''.join(self.t)
            self.trie.insert(s, 1)
            self.t = []
            return []

        res = []
        self.t.append(c)
        node = self.trie.search(''.join(self.t))
        if node is None:
            return res
        dfs(node)
        res.sort(key=lambda x: (-x[0], x[1]))
        return [v[1] for v in res[:3]]


# Your AutocompleteSystem object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = AutocompleteSystem(sentences, times)
# param_1 = obj.input(c)

Java Code
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class Trie {
    Trie[] children = new Trie[27];
    int v;
    String w = "";

    void insert(String w, int t) {
        Trie node = this;
        for (char c : w.toCharArray()) {
            int idx = c == ' ' ? 26 : c - 'a';
            if (node.children[idx] == null) {
                node.children[idx] = new Trie();
            }
            node = node.children[idx];
        }
        node.v += t;
        node.w = w;
    }

    Trie search(String pref) {
        Trie node = this;
        for (char c : pref.toCharArray()) {
            int idx = c == ' ' ? 26 : c - 'a';
            if (node.children[idx] == null) {
                return null;
            }
            node = node.children[idx];
        }
        return node;
    }
}

class AutocompleteSystem {
    private Trie trie = new Trie();
    private StringBuilder t = new StringBuilder();

    public AutocompleteSystem(String[] sentences, int[] times) {
        int i = 0;
        for (String s : sentences) {
            trie.insert(s, times[i++]);
        }
    }

    public List<String> input(char c) {
        List<String> res = new ArrayList<>();
        if (c == '#') {
            trie.insert(t.toString(), 1);
            t = new StringBuilder();
            return res;
        }
        t.append(c);
        Trie node = trie.search(t.toString());
        if (node == null) {
            return res;
        }
        PriorityQueue<Trie> q
            = new PriorityQueue<>((a, b) -> a.v == b.v ? b.w.compareTo(a.w) : a.v - b.v);
        dfs(node, q);
        while (!q.isEmpty()) {
            res.add(0, q.poll().w);
        }
        return res;
    }

    private void dfs(Trie node, PriorityQueue q) {
        if (node == null) {
            return;
        }
        if (node.v > 0) {
            q.offer(node);
            if (q.size() > 3) {
                q.poll();
            }
        }
        for (Trie nxt : node.children) {
            dfs(nxt, q);
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Your AutocompleteSystem object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * AutocompleteSystem obj = new AutocompleteSystem(sentences, times);
 * List<String> param_1 = obj.input(c);
 */